UtilForge
Calculators · SEO Utility Pack · 2026-08-28

VAT Calculator

Add VAT (net → gross) or remove VAT (gross → net) with UK and EU 2026 presets, a custom rate, single-amount mode, or a multi-line invoice with per-line rates and CSV export. Runs in your browser. Nothing is uploaded.

Calculate VAT

Mode
Layout

UK / EU figures are common 2026 presets (not an official API). Ireland is listed as standard 23% only. Use Custom % for any other band. Re-verify against HMRC, Revenue.ie, or the European Commission VAT rates table before you publish or invoice.

Active rate: 20% (UK Standard — 2026 preset).

Results update as you type. Nothing is uploaded.

How the math works

VAT is a percentage of the net (tax-exclusive) amount. This estimator never guesses a rate from a product type — you pick a 2026 country preset or a custom percent.

  1. Add VAT (net → gross): VAT = net × (rate ÷ 100). Gross = net + VAT.
  2. Remove VAT (gross → net): Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100). VAT = gross − net. Equivalent VAT fraction: rate ÷ (100 + rate).
  3. Zero rate: VAT is 0; net equals gross. Zero-rated is not the same as VAT-exempt.
  4. Rounding: each line’s VAT and counterpart amount are rounded to 2 decimal places, then summed. Summing rounded lines can differ by a penny from rounding a single combined figure — invoices usually round per line.
  5. Invoice mode: every row has its own rate. Totals are the sum of line net, VAT, and gross.
  6. Not modeled: OSS, IOSS, reverse charge, distance selling, place of supply, registration thresholds, or partial exemption.
Example (add VAT, UK 20% preset). Net 100. VAT = 100 × 0.20 = 20. Gross = 120.
Example (remove VAT, same 20%). Gross 120. Net = 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100. VAT = 20.
Example (mixed invoice). Line 1 net 100 @ 20% → VAT 20, gross 120. Line 2 net 50 @ 5% → VAT 2.50, gross 52.50. Totals: net 150, VAT 22.50, gross 172.50.

2026 country presets (re-verify before publish)

These dropdowns are convenience labels, not legal rates. Super-reduced and extra reduced bands (for example Ireland 13.5% / 9% / 4.8%, France 2.1%, Spain 4%, Italy 4%) are not listed — type them in Custom %.

Country Preset bands in this tool Note
United KingdomStandard 20%, Reduced 5%, Zero 0%Common 2026 preset — confirm on GOV.UK
IrelandStandard 23% onlyLabeled 2026 preset (verified as 23% standard in 2026 sources; re-verify). Other Irish bands via Custom %
Germany19% / 7%Common 2026 preset
France20% / 5.5% / 10%Common 2026 preset (10% is the intermediate band)
Netherlands21% / 9%Common 2026 preset
Spain21% / 10%Common 2026 preset
Italy22% / 10%Common 2026 preset
CustomAny %User override

VAT calculator FAQ

What is the difference between net and gross?

Net is the amount before VAT. VAT is the tax. Gross is net plus VAT — what the customer pays if VAT is charged. At 20%: net 100, VAT 20, gross 120.

What is the UK VAT rate in 2026?

This tool ships a common 2026 UK preset: Standard 20%, Reduced 5%, Zero 0%. That is a convenience label, not a live HMRC feed. Zero-rated is VAT at 0%, which is not the same as exempt. Confirm the rate for your supply on GOV.UK before you invoice.

How do I add VAT versus remove VAT?

Add VAT treats your figure as exclusive: VAT = net × (rate ÷ 100), gross = net + VAT. Remove VAT treats it as inclusive: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100), VAT = gross − net. They reverse each other at the same rate, aside from two-decimal rounding.

Can I calculate VAT on a multi-line invoice?

Yes. Use invoice lines mode. Each row has a description, amount, and its own rate. Amounts are net when adding VAT and gross when removing VAT. Totals sum the rounded lines. Mixed rates (20% + 5% + 0%) are supported.

How does CSV export work?

Export CSV builds a file in your browser with a Blob and downloads it. Nothing is uploaded. You get each line (description, rate, net, VAT, gross), a totals row, plus mode / country / disclaimer metadata. It is a worksheet aid, not a VAT return.

Is this VAT calculator tax advice?

No. Educational estimator only. Rates change. OSS and IOSS are not modeled. Verify with a qualified adviser or accounting software before you invoice, file, or pay VAT.

Are the country VAT rates official and up to date?

No. They are common 2026 presets you can override. Ireland is listed as standard 23% only (labeled preset; re-verify). Other Irish or super-reduced bands belong in Custom %. Check HMRC, Revenue.ie, or the Commission VAT rates table before publish.

Does this tool model OSS, IOSS, or reverse charge?

No. EU OSS, Import OSS, reverse charge, distance selling, and place-of-supply tests are out of scope. This page only applies a percentage you choose to net or gross amounts.

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